Crime is viewed as an offense against the “state” from which perspective?

Question 1

Crime is viewed as an offense against the “state” from which perspective?

A. Legalistic

B. Political

C. Psychological

D. Sociological

Question 2

Which of the following terms describe human activity that may NOT always include criminal activity?

A. Criminalization

B. Devariance

C. Deviance

D. Criminological

Question 3

Why is the “consensus perspective” not easily applied to the United States criminal justice system?

A. Because of the multiple levels (federal, state, local) of government and duplication of statutes at each level

B. Because of the cultural diversity of our society and the debates over the various issues and dimensions involved

C. Because agreement, even if achieved, has no binding statutory or judicial authority

D. Because of the high importance placed on individual rights and responsibilities as compared to societal values in other countries

Question 4

A criminologist would best be employed in which of the following?

A. Data analysis

B. Prison programs management

C. Forensics examiner

D. Victims’ advocate

Question 5

Which of the following statements best describe the relationship between criminological theory and criminal reality?

A. Criminologists are adept in developing a large collection of formalized and practical arguments in an integrated form

B. All criminological theorists combine concepts and “street” elements to a high degree and with little analytical variance

C. Theories in criminology tend to be very clear and general in order to be successfully applied across the wide spectrum of criminal behavior

D. One of the great challenges is developing theories beyond the point of conjecture and applying them to realistic situations

Question 6

According to Schmalleger, a criminal event is the result of which of the following set of interactions?

A. Offender and his/her parents, teachers, and environment

B. Offender, victim, society, and justice system

C. Offender, victim, political process, and social forces

D. Offender, crime, trial, and punishment

Question 7

According to Mark David Chapman, he was driven to kill John Lennon by which of the following?

A. A desire for self-promotion by the murder of a celebrity

B. The shifting of responsibility for Chapman’s own personal failures onto Lennon

C. The perceived carelessness which Lennon showed in his lack of personal security outside his residence

D. Long-standing resentment over the Beatles’ breakup

Question 8

The indirect, long-term consequences of crime, according to Schmalleger, are the result of which of the following?

A. The impacts on the offender and the victim

B. The causes and motives behind a particular event

C. The contributions made by society to crime

D. The interpretive reactions to a particular event

Question 9

Crime, according to economist Thomas Malthus, is described as which of the following?

A. With social stratification, a logical consequence of runaway capitalism

B. With upward mobility, a logical tradeoff for freedom

C. With technological progress, a logical extension of industrial revolution

D. With increased population, a logical conflict over scarce resources

Question 10

Which is the largest annual data compilation on crime and criminal justice?

A. Uniform Crime Reporter (UCR)

B. National Crime Victimization Survey

C. Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics

D. National Incident-Based Reporting System

Question 11

What is the main problem with criminal justice data analysis as currently practiced in the United States?

A. Too few analysts and an overabundance of contradictory data

B. Disagreement between analytical programs over definitions of crimes

C. Lack of differentiation between “cleared” crimes and “reported” crimes

D. Failure on local and state agencies in consistently providing analyzable data

Question 12

According to an expert with the Bureau of Justice Statistics, increases in jail/prison populations corresponding with decreases in crime rates are hard indications that:

A. crime in the outside world and incarceration are definitely linked.

B. more offenders are being caught and convicted.

C. convicted offenders are being incarcerated for longer periods.

D. more first-time, younger offenders are in jails or prisons.

Question 13

Currie’s “criminality index” is a combination of:

A. UCR, NIBRS, and NCVS analyses.

B. homicide, rape, and robbery statistics.

C. crimes committed plus crimes likely to be committed by those incarcerated.

D. number of long-term sentenced offenders divided by number of short-term sentenced offenders.

Question 14

Multiple murder victims in a single event is classified as a:

A. mass murder.

B. serial murder.

C. felony murder.

D. spree murder.

Question 15

Modern social science supports the belief that rapists are motivated by:

A. lust.

B. hate.

C. inferiority.

D. power.

Question 16

Which of the following is supported by recent robbery statistics?

A. Robberies generally occur in the summer, in vacation areas.

B. Seventy-five percent of robberies are cleared by arrest nationwide.

C. Some type of weapon is used in sixty-one percent of robberies.

D. Older, more seasoned offenders commit robberies.

Question 17

The statistically “best” single predictor of criminal activity has been:

A. age.

B. gender.

C. race.

D. social class.

Question 18

Which of the following best illustrates the relationship between adolescent motherhood and crime?

A. If prospective mothers delayed bearing children until age 20, the crime rate would be reduced significantly in 5 years.

B. Sons born to adolescent mothers are about equally likely to be incarcerated as daughters.

C. Most adolescent mothers spend their children’s early years in poverty and on welfare.

D. Laws addressing adolescent childbearing would have negligible effect on the costs of crime.

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between social class and crime?

A. Neither crime nor class is uniformly defined.

B. No correlation between criminality and social class exists.

C. Violence, theft, and drug abuse can be found in equal measure among the rich and poor alike.

D. Deliquency is less serious than juvenile street crime in that it is found among the more affluent youth.

Question 20

Which of the following statements correctly illustrates one or more of the costs of crime?

A. Ninety-seven percent of robbery and assault victims sustain physical injury.

B. Twenty percent of personal crime victims sustain economic loss.

C. Fifty percent of property crime victims get their stolen property back.

D. Ninety-one percent of household crime victims sustain economic loss.

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