1. _ include the cost of raw-materials inspections and assembly-line inspections.

a. prevention costs
b. appraisal costs
c. Internal failure costs
d. External failure costs

2. By some estimates, 80% to 85% of a product's total life costs are committed by decisions made during the _ cycle.

a. research, development, and engineering
b. manufaturing
c. post-sale service and disposal
d. operating

3. Target costing was pioneered:
a. in Detroit in the 1990s
b. in Japan in the 1960s
c. in Japan in the 1980s
d. in Silicon Valley in the 1980s

4. TRarget costing differs from traditional costing in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

a. target costing collects marke research continually throughout the target costing process rather than as a single event
b. target costing uses total-life cycle concept to minimize ownership costs
c. traditional costing spends less time on product specifiation and design
d. traditional costing uses cross-functional teams to guide the process

5. In which order are the following developed?
A=production plan B=Materials purchasing plan C=Demand forecast D=Sales plan

a. first to last: A B C D
b. first to last: C D A B
c. first to last: D C B A
d. first to last: C A D B

6. Segment margin includes:

a. all costs traceable to the segment
b. the sement's share of allocated coporate costs
c. the segment's shre of allocated unavoidalbe costs
d. all of the above are correct

7. The MAJOR critivism of using return on investment(ROI) for financial control is that it:

a. gives managers an incentive to reject projects with an ROI greater than
b. usually uses the blended rate of capital as the required rate of return
c. encourages competitiong among segment managers.
d. is a meaure of overall performance.

8. Measures of employees' skills and capabilities are included in the _ perspective of the Balanced scorecard
a. financial
b. internal
c. customer
d. learning and growth perspective

9. Defect rates for products and yield percentages in manufacturing are measures of quality included in the _ perspective of the Balanced Scorecard.
a. financial
b. production
c. process 
d. internal

10. Although planeers update or revise the budgets during the period, _ is typically performed once per year.

a. zero-based budgeting
b. periodic budgeting
c. incremental budgeting
d. continuous budgeting

11. In zero-based budgeting:

a. the prior year;s begeted amounts or actual results are used to build the new operating budget 
b. the budget is prepared by the top managers
c. mangers must justify each item within the operating budget as if it were a new budget item
d. the budget is updated every month

12. A fully-owned subsidiary of multinational firm reports return of investment four times a year. This is an example of:
a. a revenue center
b. a cost center
c. an investment center
d. a profit center

13. If a business offers both routine and specialized services, a single cost driver rate will overprice:

a. the routine service
b. the specialized service
c. both the routine and the specialized service
d. neither the routine nor the specialized service

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